The parent name of the alkene comes from the iupac name for the alkane with the same number of carbon atoms, except the. Alkanes answers to problems 1 c and d are the same. Draw the structural formula and line angle formula for the following molecules. How to draw methane with this shorthand bondline structure method. Alkanes and cycloalkanes 11 million organic compounds which are classified into families according to structure and reactivity functional group fg. Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes tutorial problems lecture 3 1. Find the longest continuous carbon chain and select the appropriate alkane name from table 1.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons alkenes and alkynes react with h 2 in the presence of finely divided catalysts such as platinum, palladium or nickel to form alkanes. Alkanes worksheet and key millersburg area school district. Substances were named based on their smell, or their natural. Nomenclature of organic compounds pdf alkane functional. Problem 2 et me cl problem 7 o problem 9 problem 20 problem 35 me h h problem 39 problem 50 o o problem 75 d problem 118 d problem 146 d h problem 173 d o net 2. Alkane and cycloalkane nomenclature i video khan academy.
Practice problems for alkanes michigan state university. Lancashire department of chemistry, the university of the west indies mona, kingston 7, jamaica. Nomenclature worksheet 7 naming hydrocarbons answers key. Naming alkanes, cycloalkanes, and bicyclic compounds. Combustion substitution of h by halogen practice problems. Alkenes and alkynes, on the other hand, are unsaturated hydrocarbons. First ill explain what line notation represents, and then ill introduce the basic rules for naming alkanes. Rank the rotation barriers for the following, relative to the.
Properties of alkanes alkenes and alkynes nomenclature isomers preparation of alkenes and alkynes additions to alkenes and alkynes. The arrows show the breaking up of the bond between the chlorine atoms and the subsequent free. O o a mixture of 2methylpropane and carbon tetrachloride ccl 4 is stable at oc. Free online chemical properties of alkanes practice and. Provided the academic center for excellenceby 2 naming organic compounds june 2016 lastly, if the compound is in a ring, use the prefix cyclo.
For alkenes, alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons, spring models can be constructed. What is the general formula for a noncyclic alkane. If two structures just differ in the way the atoms are shown on the page, but not in the arrangement of the bonds, the molecules are the. If two molecules can only be interconverted by breaking a bond and then reforming it somewhere else in the molecule, they are structural isomers. Learn how to recognize the alkane functional group in organic compounds. No reaction takes place between the two gases at room. The liquid alkanes are good solvents for many other covalent compounds.
They are called saturated hydrocarbons because there is a hydrogen in every possible location, and are used as the basis for naming the majority of organic compounds. The results from the study showed that students had difficulties in naming structural formulae of branchedand substitutedchains of alkanes and alkenes, geometrical isomers, dienes, unbranched. Download my free ebook 10 secrets to acing organic chemistry here. Preparation of alkanes from unsaturated hydrocarbons. Endonend overlap of sp3 orbitals produces a bond sigma bond. In case of alkenes double bond linkages are seen and in alkynes, triple bond linkages are present. The boiling point of alkanes increases with increasing molecular weight, the straightchain alkanes are observed to have a higher boiling point in comparison to their structural isomers. The melting point of alkanes follow the same trend as their boiling point that is, it increases with increase in molecular weight. Naming alkenes nomenclature tutorial for double bound organic compounds duration. As an example, consider the reaction of methane with chlorine gas. Naming when naming alkanes, commas are used between numbers, and dashes are used between letters and numbers. The iupac system of nomenclature was established at the end of the 19th century in order for chemists to have a common method of naming.
Naming organic compounds branched chain alkanes youtube. Alkanes to alkynes and aromatics free download as powerpoint presentation. Beginning with the fivecarbon alkane, the number of carbons in the chain is. Alkanes formula, definition, structure, properties, videos. Iupac nomenclature of alcohols follows these steps. Rules underlying iupac nomenclature of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are discussed below.
Pdf students difficulties in iupac naming of organic. You can also print out the questions in the form of. If a noncyclic alkane contains 15 carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms does it contain. Alkane names, formulas, properties memorize sections 3. Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes tutorial problems lecture 3. The earliest nomenclature systems followed almost no systematic rules. Circle only one choice, circling more than one will be counted as wrong. This quiz will assess your knowledge of alkanes, their properties and your. View notes alkanespracticeproblems from cm 1401 at national university of singapore.
For example, if the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms containing a double bond has five carbon atoms, the compound is a pentene. You can answer these multiplechoice questions at any time to see what you know about naming carboxylic acids with iupac nomenclature. Alkanes are just one type of hydrocarbon atom, and there are several types of alkanes. Since alkanes are the most fundamental types of organic compounds, their structural features a basic carbon chain, or skeleton provide the basis for the nomenclature of all organic compounds. Alkanes are virtually insoluble in water, but dissolve in organic solvents. Find out what you can recall about alcohol nomenclature by taking this interactive quiz online. Each carbon in the ethane molecule, ch3ch3, is sp3hybridized and tetrahedral in shape. The names of alkanes and cycloalkanes are the root names of organic compounds. Before we are ready to start examining the chemistry of organic compounds, with the simplest organic systems, alkanes, we need to deal with the ideas of atomic orbitals are affected by the formation of covalent bonds. Carbons on the end of a chain are attached to three hydrogens. Please give the iupac name for the following structures. Reactions of alkanes practice problems related study materials.
Practiceproblemson alkanenomenclature 3answers1ch 3 ch ch 3 ch 2 ch 3 23methylbutane2ch 3 ch 2 ch 2 ch ch 2 ch 2 ch 3 ch 2 ch 3 43ethylheptane3ch3 ch 2 ch 2. Short summary of iupac nomenclature of organic compounds. Carbons in the middle of a chain are attached to two hydrogens. Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and functional groups khan academy. What follows applies equally to alkanes and cycloalkanes. After this series you wont have that problem anymore.
Problem 32g ho problem 46g o oh co 2h problem 78g ome oh problem 64g ho h o problem 79g practice problems for alkanes. In this video i show you how to approach the naming of a branched or multibranched alkane. Xix mendeleev congress on general and applied chemistry. For making models of alkanes, you can use toothpicks for bonds and plasticine balls for atoms. Alkane quiz select the name of the alkane 2methylbutane 2methylpentane 2methylpropane 2,2dimethylbutane 2,2dimethylpentane 2,2dimethylpropane 2,3dimethylbutane 2,3dimethylpentane 3methylpentane butane cyclohexane cyclopentane ethane hexane methane pentane propane. How to name compounds with more than one spiro atom and. When a molecular substance dissolves in water, you have to. Draw the line bond structures of following types of hydrocarbons using four carbon atoms.
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